What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own. But did you know that there are many different types of plagiarism?
Copying or Direct Plagiarism
This is when you take someone's words and present them as your own with no changes or attribution.
See the example below.
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Treating post-combat veterans for PTSD with cognitive behavior therapy has the potential to be life-changing. Therapists can use the prolonged experience of not only fear but any strong emotion, to ultimately reduce anxiety. In most patients, combat-induced PTSD improved after the ‘abreaction’ of anxiety-evoking false memories not directly linked to the precipitating trauma. Sufferers from PTSD and other anxiety disorders could improve by inducing strong positive rather than negative emotions. |
"Intense fear during relevant and irrelevant exposure may be a form of ‘abreaction’ (whose relationship with stress immunization is unclear). Perhaps the prolonged experience of not only fear but any strong emotion (e.g., anger, joy, sexual arousal) might ultimately reduce anxiety. War neuroses (one name for combat-induced PTSD) improved after the ‘abreaction’ of anxiety-evoking false memories not directly linked to the precipitating trauma [54] . It is worth testing whether sufferers from PTSD and other anxiety disorders could improve by inducing strong positive rather than negative emotions."1 1Belaise, C., Fava, G. A., & Marks, I. M. (2005). Alternatives to debriefing and modifications to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74(4), 212-217. doi:10.1159/000085144
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Patchwork Plagiarism
Using phrases or sentences from another author's works and including them in your writing without quote marks or citations.
See the example below.
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Teens with strong social support networks are less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors and are more likely to experience unintended pregnancy. Two important factors in social support networks are parental involvement and the peers that teens spend time with. Teens with parents who are more involved tend to choose to delay sexual initiation, whereas teens whose friends engage in risky sexual behaviors are more likely to engage in the same behaviors. |
"Social support networks are important for the health of adolescents. One important part of social networks for adolescents is parental involvement. Adolescents whose parents are more involved tend to choose to delay sexual initiation and are at a lower risk for unintended pregnancy (Hoskins & Simons, 2015; Viner et al., 2012). In addition to parental involvement, the peers that teens spend time with also have an impact on pregnancy rates. Females who have friends that engage in risky sexual behavior are more likely to engage in the same behaviors and are more likely to experience unintended pregnancy (Hoskins & Simons, 2015)."1 1Danawi, Hadi; Zenobia Bryant,; Tala Hasbini,. "Targeting Unintended Teen Pregnancy in the U.S." International Journal of Childbirth Education. International Childbirth Education Association. 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016 from HighBeam Research: https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-4060489031.html
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Paraphrasing
Rewording, rearranging, and re-writing in your own words another's author's work while maintaining the same line of argument or idea without a citation or attribution.
See the example below.
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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have been shown to form a variety of attachments with caregivers, as well as a wide variety in play behavior. For those with disorganized attachment, lower levels of play were observed versus those with secure attachments, who spend more time playing and engage in more symbolic play. |
"Taking developmental level of the child into account, we found that children with a secure attachment relationship spent more time playing. They also showed a higher level of play and more symbolic play behavior. Children with a disorganized attachment relationship spent less time playing, and within the group of children with ASD disorganized attachment was related to lower levels of play."1 1Naber, F. B., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Jzendoorn, M. H., Swinkels, S. H. N., Buitelaar, J. K., Dietz, C., Engeland, H. V. (2008). Play behavior and attachment in toddlers with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 857-866. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0454-5
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Did you know...
It's possible to plagiarize yourself? Reusing your own work from a previous class or assignment is plagiarism too!
See the example below.
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The Supreme Court' of the United States of America serves an important function as one of the three branches of the federal government. The court hears many types of cases,a nd their rulings can have far reaching effects. For example, in 2007, the court heard a case in which the state of Arizona issued a proposal to the Environmental Protection Agency, requesting that pollution permitting authority be handed over to the state." |
"The first case, the National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife, exemplifies cases in which the Supreme Court has been called on to interpret the exact meaning of the ESA and its limitations. In this case, the state of Arizona issued a proposal to the Environmental Protection Agency, requesting that pollution permitting authority be handed over to the state."
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This Interactive Tutorial from the University of Leeds link will open in a new windowwill help you learn to recognize different forms of plagiarism, as well as identify good and bad practices related to writing.
Need a little extra help?
Or use the links below to get more in-depth help and information.
